A Comprehensive Guide on Writing a Character Analysis

A Comprehensive Guide on Writing a Character Analysis 10 Steps to Creating an Outstanding Character Essay Analysis Character analysis is an essay, which aims to describe a certain character from a book or a popular figure that exists in reality. Such paper is concentrated on personal features and character of an analyzed person. However, a high school character analysis greatly differs from a college one, because it requires more detailed research and has specific demands. Moreover, you also need to follow one of the formatting styles: MLA; APA; Harvard; Chicago/Turabian. If you are a college freshman or have never written a university character analysis before, you should be ready to face lots of requirements, including context, structure and thoughtful analysis. You can include personal stories and experience to support the topic. Below we have gathered the best 10 tips to write a flawless character analysis. A thorough research You must know every feature of the analyzed character, his personal qualities and background. That is why you should gather as much opinions and views, as possible. You should understand that the same character looks completely different in various sources, so it is important to stick not only to the initial book but also to other credible sources. They include: Newspapers; Magazines; Articles; Blogs; Videos. Shape your ideas with the help of an outline Outline is not a compulsory part of your character analysis if the opposite is not indicated by your professor. However, it is a very important section for your own convenience, because with its help you will always know what to write about, step-by-step. Without an outline you can lose track of the general flow of your essay and won’t be able to deliver a quality text. An outline is a plan, a list of all the ideas you want to share with the reader. Strong introduction and a thesis statement Every written assignment should always start with an introduction paragraph, which contains a thesis statement in the last sentence. Your goal is to prove the audience that you have serious reasons to write about a chosen character. You can insert a quote from the source text or provide interesting and unknown details about a person you want to tell about. However, such information should be general, without too much information. Describe hero’s character Your body paragraphs should contain information on all of the features you have found about the discussed person. Start with a powerful statement and then support it with evidence. Remind all of the episodes, which prove your point of view. For that purpose you will have to read the book from the first page to the last one. Write about the key conflict Even though your task is to discuss a person or a character, you should still explain what the main conflict of the analyzed piece is. This will help you to explain the reader why the analyzed character is good or bad, acts right or wrong, etc. If you are not able to identify the conflict on your own, turn to your professor or a professional writing company! Use clear language Some students think that a character analysis doesn’t require academic language and decide to use slang instead. However, your essay should always remain academic and contain clear English. Never use words, which you are not able to find in the vocabulary, as it may greatly lower your final marks. Make sure you choose a proper character type Every literature assignment should include specific terms, so when you analyze a character you should always define what his type is: Protagonist (the main hero); Antagonist; Major character; Minor character; Dynamic; Stereotypical; Foils; Single-dimensional; Three-dimensional. State your position You need to process various opinions and arguments to show the character both from good and bad sides. In addition, you need to present a fresh look on the plot of the story and on the character himself to interest the reader. Include questions without an answer You can tell the audience about unanswered questions from the text or ask them yourself. In such a way, your reader will think about your essay even after finishing it and may even want to continue the research. Get quality assistance If you are limited in time and have tens of other assignments to be delivered, we are there to help! Even if you don’t have a wish to work on a character analysis or have no ideas what to write about, there is no need to panic. Our professional writers and editors are always ready to create an original character analysis for you, meeting all of the demands and requirements.

Free Essays on The Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia

â€Å"In all our activities there is an end we seek for its own sake and everything else is a means to this end†¦Happiness is this ultimate end. It is the end we seek in all that we do.†(Aristotle, De Anima, bk.2, Ch.1.) This belief of Aristotle has validity for the pursuit of happiness. Most people live their life with this conviction; however, when happiness seems to be consumed by pain and suffering, some look for the gratification of their death. Today healthcare facilities are focusing their attention towards patient-centered care. This ultimately leads to patients demanding more independence when it involves their own mortality. Healthcare facilities along with state and federal governments are forced to review the current laws regarding euthanasia. In addition, physicians are compelled to obey the Hippocratic Oath, but are faced with certain cases of terminal illness; their ideals may be required to see alternatives. â€Å"I will follow that method of trea tment which according to my ability and judgment, I consider for the benefit of my patient and abstain from whatever is harmful or mischievous. I will neither prescribe nor administer a lethal dose of medicine to any patient even if asked nor counsel any such thing nor perform the utmost respect for every human life from fertilization to natural death and reject abortion that deliberately takes a unique human life.†(Hippocratic Oath) Euthanasia, a word derived from Greek culture meaning â€Å"good death†. Euthanasia is a politically correct term for mercy killing. It is the taking of ones life that is terminally and hopelessly ill. It may seem trivial to some, but for ones who face this dilemma with a loved one it has significant meaning. My emphasis will be distinguishing the differences between active, passive, voluntary, and non-voluntary euthanasia as well as ethically, justifying euthanasia. It is unfortunate for some who do not have a pleasant death. It is in... Free Essays on The Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia Free Essays on The Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia â€Å"In all our activities there is an end we seek for its own sake and everything else is a means to this end†¦Happiness is this ultimate end. It is the end we seek in all that we do.†(Aristotle, De Anima, bk.2, Ch.1.) This belief of Aristotle has validity for the pursuit of happiness. Most people live their life with this conviction; however, when happiness seems to be consumed by pain and suffering, some look for the gratification of their death. Today healthcare facilities are focusing their attention towards patient-centered care. This ultimately leads to patients demanding more independence when it involves their own mortality. Healthcare facilities along with state and federal governments are forced to review the current laws regarding euthanasia. In addition, physicians are compelled to obey the Hippocratic Oath, but are faced with certain cases of terminal illness; their ideals may be required to see alternatives. â€Å"I will follow that method of trea tment which according to my ability and judgment, I consider for the benefit of my patient and abstain from whatever is harmful or mischievous. I will neither prescribe nor administer a lethal dose of medicine to any patient even if asked nor counsel any such thing nor perform the utmost respect for every human life from fertilization to natural death and reject abortion that deliberately takes a unique human life.†(Hippocratic Oath) Euthanasia, a word derived from Greek culture meaning â€Å"good death†. Euthanasia is a politically correct term for mercy killing. It is the taking of ones life that is terminally and hopelessly ill. It may seem trivial to some, but for ones who face this dilemma with a loved one it has significant meaning. My emphasis will be distinguishing the differences between active, passive, voluntary, and non-voluntary euthanasia as well as ethically, justifying euthanasia. It is unfortunate for some who do not have a pleasant death. It is in...

The valuation of the National Grid company Assignment

The valuation of the National Grid company - Assignment Example The reason behind the selection of the model can be explained with the help of the following advantages National Grid Company Plc is a multinational company headquartered in London. The primary business includes the supply of electricity and gas utility. The company is listed both in London Stock Exchange and FTSE 100 index. It is categorized under the diversified utilities industry. The company has 20th largest primary listing on London stock exchange. The company also has the secondary listing on NYSE (Hoover, 2011). The market price on October 1st 2012 was  £624.68(closing price of London stock exchange on Oct 1st 2012) (yahoofinance, 2015).Comparing the market price with the intrinsic value calculated using the residual income model above shows that the Stock of National Grid Plc is undervalued as compared to the intrinsic value. The rationale for the stable long term growth rate of 0.05% was that the National Grid is expected to reach the stable level of supply requirement of gas in UK because in the beginning of 2015, which shows minimum shortfall of 15mcm in London, which can be managed easily afterwards through the flows from Norway and Britain with the lingled pipeline. National Grid is in the process to further improve the supply side by the end of 2015, which may lead to the stabilized phase of National Grid Plc (Reuters, 2015). Therefore, after 2015 and onwards the growth in retained earnings are expected to be minimal i.e. around 0.05%. On May 1st 2015, National Grid Stock has reached at the level of 886.30 which is slightly overvalued from the intrinsic value calculated as on 1st October 2012. Therefore, it can be implied that the price of National Grid Stock is mean

Critical appraisal two research studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Critical appraisal two research studies - Essay Example The second article, Simon John Palfrey man tends to get on the psychological state of the patients, trying to clinically establishing the expectations and reasons for patients, seeking the treatment. Thus these are two papers are from the same field, though of different tradition and aim. The first paper is essentially based on quantitative research where the paradigms or testing ground would be parameters like reliability and validity while the second one is a qualitative research that would need analysis of different parameters like the researcher’s reflexity, the context in which the research took place, selection of research participants, etc. This essay critically evaluates the paper in terms of research design and their potential contribution towards effective practice, encompassing the concerned ethical and political issues. The agenda is to travel further down the concept and try to establish the barriers for implementing research in the workplace and the effective means of overcoming it. Thus to effectively analyze the research paper it becomes important to understand the background of the condition described, followed by abstract of the papers to be reviewed and their critical analysis. Varicose veins are enlarged veins that appears swollen and elevated above the skin surface. They are distinctly visible not just because of their twisted and bulging look but also their color wich can be dark purple or blue. Usually found on the backs of the calves or inside of the legs, the valves in the veins permitting the blood flow towards the heart stops functioning properly. This leads to development of blood pools in the veins causing them to dilate.Around 1 out of 2 people over the age of 50 suffer from varicose veins and is more commonly observed in women than men. Hemorrhoids or commonly known as piles are also a type of varicose vein. Proper exercise, losing obesity, elevating the legs while resting and not crossing legs while

Early Modern European History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Early Modern European History - Essay Example This in turn led to overcrowding in towns and the problems associated with it. The aim of this paper is to discuss the impact of the industrial revolution on different groups in society and how these groups responded to such changes. I will argue that industrial revolution despite its many advantages brought about serious problems to all groups in society; none was spared including infants. These ranged from physical to mental problems. The workers had no option but to work and the manufacturers were bent on ensuring value from their investments: machine and people no matter the working conditions. The industrial revolution affected many areas of society. These can be explained in terms of the working conditions in the factories, changes in living standards, attitudes and values of middle class and the effects it had on lifestyle. One prominent feature of industrial revolution was establishment of factories and also increased mining activities. There is no problem with the country pe ople living their local areas to go work in factories and mines as it was a means of livelihood. Furthermore, it offered more earnings than engaging in agriculture in remote areas. Those who went to town could send money to those back at home. They could also improve on their skills as they specialized in one activity unlike in feudal society where a serf did everything. Improved transport and communication was also essential for the society as now they could communicate and mix with people from all walks of life thus exchange cultures and ideas. Furthermore, women got to be engaged in work instead of being relegated to the domestic duties such as child rearing. If industrial revolution brought all these goodies, why was it so much resented to an extent of establishing commissions to investigate on its workings? Industrial revolution may have changed lives in a positive way but the way it was carried out left a lot to be desired. It led to deterioration of health of the society espe cially the infants even changed the way society is organized. Testimonies regarding working conditions in England and child labor in factories leading to the famous Factory Act of 1833 tell a lot about the sufferings endured by infants and adults alike in the factories and mines and also the reactions of manufacturers regarding workers plight. One of the testimonies was from the commission of medical examiners in North East England highlighting the physical condition of children working in factories. The report revealed some devastating effects on the children such as â€Å"deformity, stunted growth, relaxation of ligaments like knees and ankles and also relaxed muscles† (Sherman 142). The most worrying thing is that children as young as five years were engaged in employment and to make matters worse, they worked for thirteen hours a day. This is a disgrace to humanity that should be rejected at all cost. The 9, 10 and 11 year olds according to the commission worked for 14 an d 15 hours a day. In traditional society, children were supposed to stay at home and be cared for by their parents especially mothers. Even today, child labor is prohibited. Children are supposed to be in school studying but since those days schools were for the chosen few, children remained at home learning various skills from the society. When industrial revolution set in, parents colluded with masters to do disservice

The Hotel And Tourism Tourism Law Tourism Essay

The Hotel And Tourism Tourism Law Tourism Essay In problems with the Environmental Issues or Laws, with the cooperation of our tourism they develop awareness, concern and knowledge of the environment and its different importance and other things. Those are different laws that have rule in Philippine tourism, including or even the different government office is involved too. It will also provide current situation that have in the tourism, travel and making hospitality which may be analyzed, interpreted and doing what can do on laws that have. The Environment laws protect our natural resources by controlling businesses that have the possible cause to them. Due to the matter of these laws, the Environmental Protection was formed whose main duty that must have done is to control and decrease pollution in finding out some materials that could cause harm, to see that companies that may cause environmental injury, they sets right of practice to lessen environmental effect and to carried punishments for those who did not follow environmen tal rules. Therefore, for any industry or in the hotel and tourism, it is helpful to be well known with the matter that given by our environmental laws, and responsible for law that government given, and the kinds of different way and some business through which those environmental laws are need to implement. Tourism or the Hotel Management can have different effects on a given area such as economical, social, environmental etc.The most important  economic  effect that tourism has is that it provides more  employment  for the people in that area and hence in a way increases their  standard  of living. In fact certain economies primarily run on tourism.As a result it also helps the region as a whole to develop and as a result the governing bodies can utilize the funds to promote the  destination  and make it more attractive for tourists. Tourism is now one of the worlds largest industries and one of its fastest that is develop in our country. For many countries tourism is seen as a main used for wide development, as it alert to the new different economic performance or activities that have in the government. Tourism may have a positive economic effect on the balance of payments, on employment, on gross income and production, but it may also have negative effects, particularly on the environment. Unexpected things in developing tourism can result in such a worse of the environment that tourist growth can be demanded. Being the major source of tourist product of the government, therefore it should be protected in order to have something development of tourism and doing good for the country in following years. In additional of business activities worldwide and as a result of more high knowedge , there has been increasing learn to everyone and concern with the injury to human health and environmental damage that cause by the different business activities .These problems is need for business and industry to be controls at all levels, and for the main that could be hardly sustain development to be established in international and national environmental laws to make sure that foreign investment and other business activities lead to development that is sustainable in environment . In this way, the Hotel and Tourism Management play an important role in development . If the government takes the recommended actions for development and promotion it will establish market targets that specify the number and types of tourists that the country will be able to attract. To make sure that national and local tourism development agreements stress a policy of sustainable tourism development. Incentives that given by the government can encourage many corporations involved in the tourism business to do more their activities to have more recently having a large countries. Thinking of environmental problems it will assist the manager in helping such individual responsibility for and liability to environmental damage, in integrating environmental affairs with operations, and in developing policies and professionals to manage environmental issues. Tour operators have a great deal of influence on the destinations, activities and overall experience of tourists. Therefore its hard that they have understand the idea of ecotourism and the conservation requirements of protected areas that have rules to follow. They need to be fully aware that the ecotourism product they are trying to promote is easily broken and must be carefully preserved. The tourism industry is also an important partner since it is a vital source of information about need trends, promotion and marketing. It would bring attention to the present and future environmental issues facing the health of our planet and the people it supports. And our responsibility to protect the health and well-being of that ecosystem start to beginning of a day on the number of aware that surrounds in the world. Philippine laws rule the rights and obligations of which support in the hospitality and tourism industry. It provides for their rights, liabilities and even benefits as order by law. It affects the globalization of the tourism industry, also in opportunity to begun addition or widely into the international market or in target grow internationally. Realize the level of technology and technological capabilities within the host country in order to assess the advantages or disadvantages the hotel may face. Human activities are sources of environmental impacts. Since a sustainable environment must be achieved, individuals should make efforts towards developing and protecting the environment in learning of good methods, techniques, and policies. Human activities are sources of environmental impacts. Since a sustainable environment must be achieved, every person should make efforts towards developing and protecting the environment by learning or doing of good methods, techniques, and policies. Support different developing countries efforts to implement different things that could have in development the practices and protect the global environment. To make sure that the goal is in full support of environmental laws. Overall, consideration of the environment and stick to environmental laws and regulations have become important in the day-to-day behavior of business or in the Hotel and Tourism Management all in the Philippines or throughout the world. Working together by the businesses, workers, environmentalists, and government officials is to find economically into our environment. In helping of our government rules as well our tourism department, we can do better for the everyones life. Inspite of rising the demands of needs of everyone, of everyone come to show full support to the strong campaign for the different environmental laws or regulations, with the biggest role of our tourism in advocating and promote or not violating any rules to anyone who is responsible, we should have all the confident to win this one..    With the skills or knowledge of all in the tourism management and see how that connects and from there start volunteering for programs and tell people about it. But before that first learn how blessed we are and how rich our natural resources are, you would be inspired and motivated to take better care of it. From there, you start with yourself not only our government who pay attention on it. Sources http://www.egerton.ac.ke/index.php/bsc-ecoahos.html http://bio427.blogspot.com/2010/10/environmental-laws-of-philippines.html-. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_Philippine_tourism_laws#ixzz2718t1XVm

“Citizens of a kind” :: Essays Papers

â€Å"Citizens of a kind† The following clippings from regional Irish newspapers begin in 1923, soon after the founding of the state, and continue to the present day in chronological order. The premise informing the selection is that Travellers are caught in a dynamic of colonialism – misunderstood by the majority they live amongst, and disadvantaged by their difference. Their situation is comparable, in many instances, to that of gypsies throughout Europe and the indigenous minorities of many ex-colonies. It is no coincidence that attitudes toward Travellers, as evidenced by some of the following clippings, hardened in the decades following the founding of the Irish State in the 1920s. The early years of the republic were difficult economically, and a nationalist ideology of a homogenous, mono-cultural, unquestioningly Catholic united state was perpetuated as a consolation for the loss of privileges enjoyed as part of the Empire. The transfer from colonial to post-colonial status problematised the pla ce of this minority population, and internal tensions surfaced in the absence of a colonial presence to demonise. I have concentrated on papers covering the general West of Ireland / Connacht area (Galway, Mayo and Roscommon), and in particular, articles dealing with Galway, since this is my hometown, and a traditional Traveller stronghold. Most clippings are from the longstanding Connacht Tribune. In a report on a Galway Urban Council meeting entitled â€Å"Nomads in Galway: Citizens fear an epidemic† (Connacht Tribiune 10 Mar. 1923: 5), the old colonial fear of being contaminated by the Other (in fact, a fear of secretly being or becoming the Other) is detectable: Mr J.P. O’Brien wrote on behalf of a number of citizens stating that unless the council took steps to have the gypsies who are camping†¦removed, there was a danger of epidemic breaking out. He pointed out that it was illegal for these people to camp within the urban area. They could camp a quarter of a mile outside the urban area, and then only for a couple of days. The strategy of distancing is implicit in the use of the words ‘gypsy’ and ‘nomad’, which connote that these people are somehow foreign, and most explosively, in the use of ‘gypsy’, that they are actually British. (Within the British Isles, gypsies are from Wales and England only.) The word gypsy is a dispossessing of their Irishness, and it is easier to be cruel to what is constructed as being outside the self in a new state where the ideology of nationalism is uppermost.

How Serfdom Save the Women’s Movement: A Summary

Flanagan in this article expresses the different roles that women play in this society. This was told in point of view of a woman once and innocent girl of 15 years girl, later grew and got married to realize her predicament which the society dictate her to be. The article speaks of her observations and experiences and talked of a nanny, a nurse, a waitress, a mother, a single mother, a domestic helper, a factory worker, and herself as a working mother. Several characters where in fact introduced and their features are sometimes presented but they all revolved to the theme that women in the society are relegated to a lesser class human being as compared to their male counterpart. The women worked hard but received meager pay and seldom get better positions in a company. The article speaks of wives and mothers who are expected to raise their children, do the household chores, but do not get so much in return. It speaks of the desire of women to have professional works while they perform their roles as loving mother and a good wife. The presence of a nanny in the house provides more freedom for a working mother to have more time for herself and for her outside work for the home. Nanny or domestic helper or workers are most welcome by working mothers this is so because they unburden the mother of the tasks and responsibilities of taking care of the needs of the children. Nanny, or domestic helper, or a nurse in the house, or a secretary in an office is still a form of slavery. It is a serfdom that inspired the women to organize and empower themselves to gain freedom and recognition in this society.

Women in American Revolution essays

Women in American Revolution essays The Revolutionary War brought much disruption to the lives of all women in New York. Many of these patriot women had to house the Red-Coats, while others picked up a sword and joined the men in the fight for our country. Many of these womens baby steps towards freedom did not do any good, because they were still seen as inferior by the men of America. Although, these women may have helped to change womens standing in society by inspiring women of the suffrage movement, which helped them to obtain equal rights in the 1920s. In the year 1776, after many conflicts with the British and the taxation laws, America was ready to break free and patriot women were ready to help. Women did much of the organizing for boycotts of English goods, including tea and cloth. A large number of the middle class women traveled with the armies to cook, sew, carry and tend the wounded. Women who were not on the march tended the farms and shops that had been left behind by the men. They cared for the wounded from nearby battles and took food and clothing to captured Americans held in British prisons. In the early stages of the war, some New York middle class women were quick to organize themselves into the Daughters of Liberty. The Daughters of Liberty were successful groups that proved womens involvement in politics could be beneficial for the country. As public support to boycott British goods increased, Daughters of Liberty joined the support to condemn British importation. They were recognized as patriotic heroines for their success, which made American less dependent on British textiles. In the countryside, while patriots supported the non-importation movement of 1765, and 1769, the daughters of liberty continued to support American resistance. In New York women spun wool into homemade cloth. In 1774, the patriot women helped influence a decision made by continental congress to boycott all...

Definition of Sustainability and Its Underpinnings in Tourism

Definition of Sustainability and Its Underpinnings in Tourism Introduction Sustainability has become a buzzword in contemporary tourism research and practice. Thousands of businesses claim themselves to be sustainable, because they provide their services without damaging the environment. More often than not, sustainability is understood in the context of environmental protection and community development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Sustainability and Its Underpinnings in Tourism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sustainable tourism is expected to be able to balance its profitability concerns with the needs of communities. Apparently, the tools and resources used to promote sustainable tourism differ considerably across communities and settings. This paper is a review of the current theoretical and empirical literature related to the topic of sustainable tourism. The main themes to be discussed in this review include: definition of sustainability and its theore tical underpinnings, the problems of measuring sustainability and tourism, as well as the case studies of sustainable tourism presented in literature. Tourism and Sustainability: Defining the Concept Sustainability is a common topic in contemporary literature. However, its meaning is often taken for granted. Few, if any, researchers discussed the concept of sustainability in detail. Of all articles retrieved in this literature search, only Lansing and De Vries (2007) decided to review the meaning of the sustainability concept, as applied in tourism. According to Lansing and De Vries (2007), the concept of sustainability in tourism has numerous categorisations and definitions, and this is also why the debate over sustainable tourism remains so fragmented and confusing. Saarinen (2006) supports this view and suggests that the concept of sustainable tourism continues to interest and irritate researchers. Lansing and De Vries (2007) take the definition of the World Tourism Organisation (WTO) as the starting point for their analysis. This is also the definition, which is to be used in this review of literature: sustainability principles refer to the environmental, economic and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, and a suitable balance must be established between these three dimensions to guarantee its long-term sustainability (Lansing De Vries 2007, p.78). In other words, sustainability in tourism emphasises the importance of ethics. Sustainable tourism enables communities and host countries to retain the benefits of tourism (Lansing De Vries 2007). Sustainable tourism is impossible without showing respect for the major socio-cultural aspects of community development and growth. All these are the fundamental requirements of sustainability in tourism.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sustainability in Tourism: Theories and Implications It should be noted, that sustainability remains a popular topic of research and policy development. Saarinen (2006) writes that sustainability in tourism can be readily associated with almost all scales and kinds of tourist activities. Many sustainability features have been borrowed from the earlier studies and are nothing new. Still, several essential themes in the study of sustainable tourism can be identified. Saarinen (2006) speaks about three distinct traditions of sustainability in research: activity-based, resource-based, and community-based. The resource-based tradition was developed in response to the growing shortages of various community resources. Researchers in tourism were trying to find a magic number which, once overstepped, would inevitably result in irreversibly negative impacts on the community and environment (Saarinen 2006). This tradition was closely associated with natural sciences and the positivist philosophy. The activity-based tradition was intended to clo se the gaps in the resource-based view of sustainability (Saarinen 2006). This tradition in sustainability research was industry-oriented and tourism-centric (Saarinen 2006). Finally, the community-based tradition came to resolve the existing dualities between the resource-based and activity-based research traditions (Saarinen 2006). At present, it is through the prism of community development that most approaches to sustainable tourism are reconsidered and evaluated. In the meantime, researchers are developing new theoretical approaches to sustainability and reconsider the concept of sustainable tourism through various theoretical lenses. Mowforth and Munt (2003) discussed the principles and tools of sustainability in tourism. According to Mowforth and Munt (2003), none of the existing sustainability definitions is entirely satisfactory; therefore, the degree of sustainability in various tourist activities should be judged, based on whether or not they meet a number of criteria. Th ese criteria include but are not limited to: environmental benefits, social, cultural, and economic benefits, educational implications, and local participation (Mowforth Munt 2003). The researchers discuss each type of sustainability in detail, but the most interesting is their evaluation of educational sustainability in tourism. Mowforth and Munt (2003) suggest that sustainable tourism must provide an educational input, by informing community members about the benefits of tourism or teaching them to do sustainable tourism right.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Sustainability and Its Underpinnings in Tourism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As mentioned earlier, the activity- and community-based paradigms in sustainable tourism research came to reflect the dynamics and changeability of sustainable practices in tourism (Saarinen 2006). Farrell and Twining-Ward (2005) further expand this theoretical pos ition and write that a new thought in sustainable tourism depicts the world as constantly changing and full of uncertainty. Farrell and Twining-Ward (2005) recognise that changes in community and policy decisions greatly impact the nature of sustainability, and only theoretical approaches based on dynamic activities and change can serve the needs of students and researchers in sustainable tourism. This uncertainty actually led to the development of various theoretical models. Those models were expected to make the concept of sustainability more comprehensive and full. Macbeth, Carson and Northcote (2004) proposed a regional development perspective on sustainability to tackle with the limitations of more traditional resource-based models. Macbeth et al. (2004) assert that these models ignore the cultural and community aspects of tourism development, and a successful regional model of sustainable tourism will always contribute to the local social, political, and cultural capital (SPCC ). These principles are also echoed in Mowforth and Munt (2003) and Saarinen (2006). The notions of social theory and social capital are commonly used in sustainable tourism research. Hughes (2004) also applied to social theory in order to reduce the ambivalence surrounding the concept of sustainability in tourism. In Hughess (2004) view, sustainable tourism is a relevant response to a deep philosophic shift taking place in the tourism industry, when mass package models give place to individualisation and differentiation in holiday making. At the same time, researchers like Casagrandi and Rinaldi (2002) admit that implementing sustainability models in practice can be difficult and extremely problematic. Even in the presence of the best theoretical approaches, delivering quality tourism can be impossible without severely impacting the environment (Casagrandi Rinaldi 2002). One of the key questions asked by Casagrandi and Rinaldi (2002) is whether at all the concept of sustainability can be implemented in tourism, or whether it is designed merely to help businesses in the tourism industry generate profits. Lansing and De Vries (2007) discuss this issue in their work.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They claim that, because sustainability in tourism is so poorly defined, it is nothing but a marketing ploy (Lansing De Vries 2007). Sustainable tourism is expected to minimise the harm caused to the environment, but in reality, the level of pollution caused by traveling remains quite high (Lansing De Vries 2007). In economic terms, sustainability in tourism does little or nothing to reduce the problems posed by conventional tourism (Lansing De Vries 2007). These problems are further exacerbated by the lack of sustainability awareness in public. Miller, Rathouse, Scarles, Holmes and Tribe (2010) have explored the public understanding of sustainability in tourism and discovered that the respondents have little understanding of tourisms effects on their daily behaviours and practices. Moreover, the public does not feel empowered to manage their touristic and community activities in ways that benefit them (Miller et al. 2010). To a large extent, the tangible effects and benefits of sustainability in tourism remain more theoretical than practical. Nevertheless, the current literature contains numerous case studies of sustainable development in tourism and provides diverse opinions on how sustainability in tourism could be measured. Measuring Sustainability in Tourism The question of measuring sustainability is one of the most common themes in modern tourism research. Numerous researchers tried to define the limits and scope of sustainability in tourist activities. Various models have been proposed to enhance the measurability of sustainable activities in tourism. Nonetheless, the field of tourism lacks a single universal approach to sustainability measurement. Gossling, Hansson, Horstmeier and Saggel (2002) developed a methodological framework to calculate the ecological footprints of leisure tourism. At the core of the model are the impacts of air travel on the host environment: the researchers used the example of the Seychelles to prove that the ecological fo otprints model could be effectively used to meet the goals of sustainability measurement in tourism (Gossling et al. 2002). Later, Fernandez and Rivero (2009) recommended using a composite index to measure sustainability in tourism, based on factor loadings. Again, the example of Spanish tourism was used to prove that the proposed index could become a robust measure of sustainability in various tourist activities (Fernandez Rivero 2009). Simpson (2007) recommended using an integrated approach to assess the effects of tourism on sustainable livelihoods and community development. The proposed model incorporates the diverse factors and elements that impact sustainability, including geographical contexts, their employment and economic characteristics, ownership structure and governance, etc. (Simpson 2007). Despite the growing number of measurement models, the gap between theory and industry perceptions of useful sustainability indicators continues to persist (McCool, Moisey Nickerson 2001). Again, these controversies are rooted in the ambiguities of sustainable tourism, its concept and applications (McCool et al. 2001). Different agents pursue different goals and have different perceptions on which indicators should be used to achieve and measure sustainability. Therefore, it is difficult to imagine that scholars will arrive at any conceptual and measurement agreement anytime soon. Sustainability in Tourism: Application The current state of literature is rich in sustainability examples. Researchers develop case studies to analyse how sustainability can benefit tourism. Bearing in mind the controversies surrounding the concept of sustainability, the ways in which it is applied in tourism are also different. Still, the results of the recent real-life analyses can be used to identify and analyse the most common features of sustainable practices in tourism. The hotel industry is one of the most popular targets of sustainable tourism research. Chan and Lam (2003) ex plored a rooftop hotel pool as an example of sustainable practices in tourism. Chan and Lam (2003) confirmed that, due to considerable cost savings, the rooftop pool could become a relevant alternative to conventional pool equipment. In a similar fashion, Ayuso (2006) explored the use of voluntary tools of sustainability across several Spanish hotels. The results presented by Ayuso (2006) tell much about motivations behind the use of voluntary practices in tourism. On the one hand, hotel owners and managers display a limited understanding of the sustainability concept (Ayuso 2006). As a result, they are not always able to define how to meet their sustainability targets. On the other hand, voluntary sustainability practices are driven by factors other than the pursuit of economic profits (Ayuso 2006). Hotel managers often apply to sustainability in response to stakeholder demands or with respect to owners environmental concerns (Ayuso 2006). These results do not support the theoretic al assumptions of sustainability and its marketing benefits presented by Lansing and De Vries (2007). Lumsdon (2000) suggested that cycle tourism could become a relevant model of sustainability in tourism. The researcher explored the concept of a planned transport network, as applied in the UK (Lumsdon 2000). The model of planned transport networks incorporates four different stages, but Lumsdon (2000) believes that it has the potential to promote the idea of sustainability in local tourism. Muller (2000) proposed the model of second home tourism as a potential contributor to sustainability in rural areas. Muller (2000) used the examples of Northern Sweden and Finland to measure the effectiveness of second home tourism in the context of sustainability. Nasser (2003) also referred to sustainability through the prism of heritage places. The researcher proposed an integrated approach to managing heritage places that would help avoid the major conflicts between conservation and tourism needs (Nasser 2003). The results of these case studies suggest that different researchers have different visions of sustainability in tourism. Moreover, the way sustainability is defined and applied differs greatly across sites and destinations. The lack of uniformity and standardisation in sustainable applications further exacerbates the theoretical confusion surrounding the concept of sustainability in research. The current research into sustainability in tourism displays a series of methodological and conceptual limitations. First, sustainability lacks a single conceptual basis (Lansing De Vries 2007; Saarinen 2006). Second, the lack of clarity in defining and conceptualising sustainability makes it difficult to assess the effectiveness of various sustainability practices in tourism. In the meantime, many questions related to sustainable practices in tourism remain overlooked or ignored. Researchers do not pay too much attention to the issues of tourist demand (Liu 2003). Others have a limited view of resource sustainability: preservation and conservation of tangible resources is clearly not enough to ensure that tourism is truly sustainable. Researchers and practitioners should appreciate the value of other, non-tangible resources that are essential, dynamic, and changeable (e.g. technological capabilities). The relationship between sustainability and tourism is often described in terms of meeting the needs of one stakeholder group or one generation of community members, while also ignoring the impacts of tourism on the future generations, as well as the distribution of tourism benefits across multiple stakeholders (Liu 2003). All these questions need relevant answers to ensure that the future research can present a balanced picture of sustainability in tourism. Conclusion The current state of literature provides rich information about sustainability in tourism. This review of literature was designed to highlight the major themes and limitations inherent in contemporary sustainable tourism research. To start with, researchers commonly agree that the concept of sustainability in tourism lacks a single universal definition. The definition of sustainability developed by the World Tourism Organisation is usually taken as the basis for policy development and analysis. Despite these controversies, researchers have applied a number of theories to reconsider the way sustainability in tourism works. Social theories are often used to review the fundamental elements of sustainable tourism. Some researchers acknowledge that sustainable tourism should contribute to the development of social and cultural capital. Nevertheless, the public remains unaware of the meaning of sustainability. Also, community members often feel disempowered to change the most common tourist practices. Contemporary researchers also lack any agreement on how sustainability in tourism should be measured. These difficulties stem from the lack of an adequate conceptual defin ition of sustainable tourism. In addition, the case studies of sustainable practices in tourism uncover a wide diversity of visions, decisions, and processes used by businesses to achieve and maintain a vision of sustainability in tourism. Unfortunately, the methodological and conceptual limitations of sustainable tourism research cannot be ignored. Researchers tend to ignore the importance of tourism demand, while also disregarding the ways, in which the benefits of sustainable tourism should be distributed among various community groups. Future researchers should focus on the analysis of sustainability and its conceptual underpinnings to arrive at a single and universally comprehensive definition of sustainability in tourism. References Ayuso, S 2006, Adoption of voluntary environmental tools for sustainable tourism: Analysing the experience of Spanish hotels, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, vol.13, pp.207-226. Casagrandi, R Rinaldi, S 2002, A theore tical approach to tourism sustainability, Conservation Ecology, vol.6, no.1, pp.13-20. Chan, WW Lam, JC 2003, Energy-saving supporting tourism sustainability: A case study of hotel swimming pool heat pump, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol.11, no.1, pp.74-83. Farrell, B Twining-Ward, L 2005, Seven steps towards sustainability: Tourism in the context of new knowledge, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol.13, no.2, pp.109-122. Fernandez, JI Rivero, MS 2009, Measuring tourism sustainability: Proposal for a composite index, Tourism Economics, vol.15, no.2, pp.277-296. Gossling, S, Hansson, CB, Horstmeier, O Saggel, S 2002, Ecological footprint analysis as a tool to assess tourism sustainability, Ecological Economics, vol.43, pp.199-211. Hughes, G 2004, Tourism, sustainability, and social theory, in AA Lew, CM Hall AM Williams (eds), A companion to tourism, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford,pp.498-505. Lansing, P De Vries, P 2007, Sustainable tourism: Ethical alternative or marketing p loy?, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.72, pp.77-85. Liu, Z 2003, Sustainable tourism development: A critique, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol.11, no.6, pp.459-475. Lumsdon, L 2000, Transport and tourism: Cycle tourism – A model for sustainable development?, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol.8, no.5, pp.361-377. McBeth, J, Carson, D Northcote, J 2004, Social capital, tourism and regional development: SPCC as a basis for innovation and sustainability, Current Issues in Tourism, vol.7, no.6, pp.502-522. McCool, SF, Moisey, RN Nickerson, NP 2001, What should tourism sustain? The disconnect with industry perceptions of useful indicators, Journal of Travel Research, vol.40, 124-131. Mowforth, M Munt, I 2003, The principles of sustainability in tourism, in M Mowforth I Munt (eds), Tourism and sustainability: New tourism in the Third World, Routledge, New York, pp.105-119. Miller, G, Rathouse, K, Scarles, C, Holmes, K Tribe, J 2010, Public understanding of sustainable tour ism, Annals of Tourism Research, vol.37, no.3, pp.627- 645. Muller, DK 2002, Second home tourism and sustainable development in north European peripheries, Tourism and Hospitality Research Surrey Quarterly Review, vol.3, pp.1-20. Nasser, N 2003, Planning for urban heritage places: Reconciling conservation, tourism, and sustainable development, Journal of Planning Literature, vol.17, no.4, pp.467-479. Saarinen, J 2006, Traditions of sustainability in tourism studies, Annals of Tourism Research, vol.33, no.4, pp.1121-1140. Simpson, MC 2007, An integrated approach to assess the impacts of tourism on community development and sustainable livelihoods, Community Development Journal, vol.44, no.2, pp.186-208.

Techniques of research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Techniques of research - Essay Example Kim, A.-H. et al. â€Å"Graphic Organizers and Their Effects on the Reading Comprehension of Students with LD: A Synthesis of Research.† Journal of Learning Disabilities 37.2 (2004) : 105-118. 16 July 2011. This peer reviewed article examines the effects of graphic organizers on reading comprehension for those students facing the problems of learning disabilities. This article compares the standardized reading comprehension with the reading comprehension with the use of graphic organizers such as semantic organizers, cognitive mapping. The article concludes that the use of graphic organizers have improved reading comprehension overall for students with learning disabilities. This article is taken from Journal of Learning Disabilities, which is considerably recognized for its authentic and reliable work throughout the academic world. In addition, it is available at Sage Publication, again which prefers to publish reliable piece of work. This article provides the basic informati on relating to the research work. The use of graphic organizers for reading comprehension for students with learning disabilities; considerably fulfills the required need of information on the topic. DiCecco, V. M., and M. M. Gleason. â€Å"Using Graphic Organizers to Attain Relational Knowledge From Expository Text.† Journal of Learning Disabilities 35.4 (2002) : 306-320. 19 July 2011. This article focuses on the implications of the expository text. For this purpose, this research is carried out on K-12 participants in order to assess the potency of the graphic organizers as a comprehension tool. By highlighting the key concerns relating to graphic organizers, the researchers try to examine the effects of graphic organizers under treatment and control conditions. The results support the use of graphic organizers for students with learning disabilities to increase their relational knowledge from expository textbooks. When factual knowledge was analyzed via multiple choice que stions and tests, the results mention no difference found between control and treatment conditions. This article belongs to the Journal of Learning Disabilities and is collectively published by Hammill Institute on Disabilities and Sage publication. Being a peer reviewed article, it consists of primary research over the use of graphic organizers on K-12 students . This article provides primary research over the use of graphic organizers. By clearly highlighting the difference of reading comprehension and relational knowledge, this article has facilitated in the broader understanding of the concept of graphic organizers. McCoy, J. D., and L. R. Ketterlin-Geller. â€Å"Rethinking Instructional Delivery for Diverse Student Populations: Serving All Learners with Concept-Based Instruction.† Intervention in School and Clinic 40.2 (2004) : 88-95. 19 July 2011. This article takes into account the role of teachers in assisting students to learn complex content during classes. The stud ents face the problems of studying facts without reaching the larger contexts. For that purpose, research at the University of Oregon concludes that if the teacher takes responsibility for explaining and identifying the concept within the parameters of course materials, students will be considerably relieved with above mentioned problems. At the same time, using the functional taxonomy, teachers can practically assess the realistic performance of

Reform and the Political Background of Public Education in Texas Essay

Reform and the Political Background of Public Education in Texas - Essay Example Governor Edmund J. Davis set â€Å"curriculum for all schools, grading of classes into different levels, systematic teacher certification, teacher conventions, and central administration† to improve public education (Moneyhon 393). In April 24, 1871, he legislated the board of education for public schools including the governor, attorney general, and superintendent. The board is responsible for the establishment of rules for the education system, provision for choosing and certifying teachers for their validity, salaries of staff, choose books and instruments for classroom use, guarantee â€Å"a common course of studies, and oversee the general operation of the schools† (Moneyhon 395). The teacher’s certification garnered criticism and complaints from private institutions because of the threat to their business. As a result, parents selected public schools for the education of their children. The dispute heightened when the State proposed for the imposition of ta xes. In 1875, DeGress formulated a recommendation to increase the salary of public school teachers, downsize supervisors’ jobs to avoid tax increase, and allow instructors to teach based on the three categories of teachers’ certificates (Moneyhon 410). The struggle in the political aspect between the Republicans and Democrats was evident during this year because of Democrats’ propaganda against Republicans pertaining to the expensive education system. The Democrats won, but the people suffered due to the low cost or budget in the education system. Major Reforms in Education In early 1980 and 1990s, Texas led the school reform through policies in standardizing testing and school accountability, which adheres to the No Child Left Behind Act of 2002 (Domina 200). Domina added that in mid-1990s, Texas aimed for higher education to improve the accessibility of education for poor and separated high schools receiving disparate education with Black and Hispanic origins. The first proposition on K-12 education system required an experiment to pursue K-16 reform model that aims to â€Å"improve the clarity and consistency of higher education signals and thereby shape the educational experience of high school students† (Domina 201). Prior to that event, the education reform bill was devised in 1981, which was called House Bill 246. It authorizes curriculum in every grade schools and district in Texas. It was followed by the commonly known as Chapter 75 that was written by the Texas Education Agency (TEA) and proceeded by the State Board of Education. The bill necessitates students to master at least 70 percent to pass the grade or subject. However, H.B 72 was ratified and became a law in 1984. This bill became the standard of education in Texas, which gave priority to competent teachers in exchange of raising their salaries (Lutz 71+). Teachers must undergo professional competency called the Texas Examination of Current Administrators and Teac hers (TECAT), but they perceived it as an insult to their capability. Despite the complaints of teachers, principals, and coaches, the bill was not amended due to the threat of Perot, the overseer of Texas education system, to legislators (Lutz). Moreover, racial discrimination was an issue in the